Skip to main content
Digital credit is simply lending stablecoins against collateral on the blockchain. It works like a secured money-market loan - but instead of banks or custodians acting as intermediaries, everything happens through transparent, automated code called smart contracts. This eliminates the counterparty risk of working with traditional institutions. Smart contracts continue operating even if their parent organisation goes bankrupt. Byzantine Prime is built on digital credit: depositors lend USDC or EURC into overcollateralised lending markets, and earn the interest that borrowers pay. Capital safety comes first - every loan is backed by more collateral than the loan itself.

​
How it works

1

Deposit

Depositors place stablecoins into a lending platform (such as Morpho or Aave). The funds become available for borrowing.
2

Borrowers take loans

Borrowers post collateral worth more than the amount they wish to borrow - typically 120–150% of the loan value. Only then can they draw on the available liquidity. The collateral is locked in the smart contract for the duration of the loan.
3

Interest accrues

Borrowers pay interest continuously. The interest rate is set algorithmically by the market’s Interest Rate Model (IRM) based on real-time supply and demand - when more of the pool is borrowed, rates rise; when less is borrowed, rates fall.
4

Lenders earn yield

The interest paid by borrowers flows directly to depositors - in Byzantine Prime’s case, that’s you. No intermediary takes a cut; the smart contract distributes returns automatically, in real time.

​
Who are the borrowers?

Borrowers are primarily large, well-capitalised institutional participants:
  • Market makers and liquidity providers, borrowing stablecoins to provide liquidity across trading venues
  • Arbitrage traders, using capital to exploit short-term price differences between assets
  • Decentralised finance (DeFi) funds and staking operators, using stablecoin credit to optimise positions across protocols
These entities are asset-rich but liquidity-constrained. A market maker might hold a large ETH position and need short-term USDC liquidity to fulfil an obligation, without wanting to sell their ETH. By depositing ETH as collateral and borrowing USDC, they get the liquidity they need - instantly, without paperwork - and pay interest for that convenience.

​
Why do borrowers pay 8–10%?

The premium exists because this type of credit is genuinely valuable to borrowers. Unlike traditional credit facilities that require paperwork, credit checks, and days to arrange, digital credit positions can be opened instantly, around the clock, from anywhere. The process is permissionless - anyone who can post the required collateral can borrow, immediately. This is comparable to inter-bank lending in traditional finance, but faster and more efficient. The current 8–10% yield represents a stable, sustainable equilibrium for low-risk digital credit - high enough to compensate for the borrowing cost, low enough to be economically attractive for borrowers with good collateral.

​
The lending markets Byzantine uses

Byzantine Prime allocates capital across Morpho, Aave, and Maker/Sky - three of the largest, most established lending protocols in decentralised finance. Morpho is a collection of isolated lending markets, each pairing one collateral asset with one loan asset. Markets are immutable (rules cannot change after deployment), isolated (risk is contained within each market), and permissionless (anyone can participate). This predictability and isolation is what makes Morpho particularly attractive for institutional use. Aave and Maker/Sky operate similarly, with years of track record and billions of dollars in cumulative lending volume. All three have successfully processed hundreds of millions of dollars in liquidations without incurring bad debt. Byzantine’s strategy manager Keyrock selects only markets within these protocols that meet strict safety, liquidity, and audit criteria. The mandate requires that client funds can always be fully withdrawn immediately - Keyrock must exit any market where high utilisation would threaten instant redemptions.

​
Overcollateralisation in depth

The overcollateralisation mechanism is what makes Byzantine Prime’s credit yield low-risk. For a full explanation of how the collateral system works, the liquidation mechanism, and the historical track record, see Overcollateralisation & liquidation.

​
Smart contracts and vaults

A smart contract is a program stored on a blockchain that runs automatically when certain conditions are met. Once deployed, no one can alter its rules - not even the organisation that wrote it. Every interaction is publicly visible on the blockchain. Unlike a traditional asset manager who holds your funds and executes instructions on your behalf, a smart contract never takes custody of anything. It only executes the logic it was programmed with - exactly as written, every time, with no human discretion involved. In Byzantine Prime, Keyrock writes a specific investment strategy into the smart contract based on a strict mandate. Every time a client makes a deposit, this strategy executes automatically: routing funds to the correct lending markets, tracking positions, and crediting returns - all without anyone needing to press a button or make a decision. If Keyrock or Byzantine went bankrupt tomorrow, the smart contract would continue operating exactly as programmed. Byzantine’s vault is a specific type of smart contract designed to hold, allocate, and account for deposited assets. It functions like an automated fund: accepting deposits, routing capital according to the programmed strategy, tracking each depositor’s share, and handling redemptions. It is built on Morpho V2’s architecture - an established, battle-tested foundation - extended with Byzantine’s custom risk tooling to implement Keyrock’s strategy. Because smart contracts are immutable once deployed, a bug cannot be patched silently after the fact. Pre-deployment audits by independent security firms are the primary defence. Byzantine’s vault has been reviewed by eight independent firms before deployment. For the complete list, see Security audits.